John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
Among all government transfer programs, Income Maintenance was the smallest contributor in the county. Social Security was the largest contributor, totaling $507.05 million, equating to $4,379 per capita and making up 32.9% of total transfers.
Comparatively, Income Maintenance transfers across Alabama amounted to $7.49 billion, ranking lowest among all transfer types within the state. This translates to an average of $1,476 per capita, or 12.4% of total government transfers. Including all transfer types, government transfer payments totaled $60.5 billion, accounting for 23.4% of residents’ total income, with an average of $11,924 per resident.
Medicare was the second largest contributor in Calhoun County in 2022, accounting for $416.53 million, averaging $3,597 per capita, representing 27% of transfers. Medicaid transfers provided another $199.38 million, averaging $1,722 per capita and comprising 12.9% of government support, making them the third largest contributors.
Government transfer payments are non-repayable funds provided by federal, state, or local governments to support individuals in need. These payments aim to stabilize economic conditions and provide financial support during hardships. Key programs include Social Security transfers (retirement benefits), Medicare transfers (healthcare for seniors), Medicaid transfers (healthcare for low-income individuals), and income maintenance transfers (financial assistance for basic needs).
With 18.5% of the population aged 65 and older, Calhoun County has a significant demand for programs like Social Security and Medicare. Despite this aid, the total per capita income in Calhoun County, excluding government transfers was $29,205, which is far below the county's total income of $42,533, emphasizing the role of government transfers in overall income.
When comparing 2022 to the previous year, Calhoun County saw a decrease in its Income Maintenance transfer dependency by 0.2%.
Government transfers have long been a modest financial safety net, historically comprising only a small fraction of Americans' income. However, since the 1970s—sometimes dubbed the “Great Transfer-mation”—dependency has surged from 8.2% (or $2,022 per capita in inflation-adjusted 2022 dollars) in 1970 to 17.6% (or $11,542 per capita) in 2022 nationwide. In Calhoun County, reliance on government transfers has similarly increased from 9.2% (or $1,643 per capita) in 1970 to 31.3% (or $13,328 per capita) in 2022, reflecting broader national trends.
According to the Economic Innovation Group’s analysis, these trends are not merely short-term responses to economic pressures but rather reflect a profound, long-term transformation in how government support is integrated into American life. The study illustrates that structural shifts—from rising healthcare expenses and demographic changes to stagnant wages—have significantly increased dependency on government transfers.
| County | Rank | Dependency on Transfers (%) | % Population 65+ | Social Security Transfers (%) | Medicare Transfers (%) | Medicaid Transfers (%) | Income Maintenance Transfers (%) | Per Capita Transfers ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson County | 1 | 17.8% | 16.8% | 6.1% | 4.7% | 2.5% | 2.4% | $11,783 |
| Mobile County | 2 | 26.5% | 17.4% | 8.6% | 6.6% | 3.9% | 3.9% | $12,602 |
| Madison County | 3 | 16.3% | 15.8% | 5.7% | 4% | 1.5% | 1.5% | $9,979 |
| Baldwin County | 4 | 20.9% | 21.7% | 8.7% | 5.8% | 1.6% | 1.6% | $11,878 |
| Montgomery County | 5 | 25.2% | 16.2% | 7.6% | 5.2% | 3.5% | 4.4% | $12,410 |
| Tuscaloosa County | 6 | 22.4% | 14% | 7.7% | 5.6% | 2.9% | 2.9% | $9,251 |
| Shelby County | 7 | 13.2% | 16.9% | 5.9% | 3.8% | 0.7% | 1% | $8,891 |
| Calhoun County | 8 | 31.3% | 18.5% | 10.3% | 8.5% | 4% | 3.8% | $13,328 |
| Etowah County | 9 | 34.2% | 19.7% | 11.3% | 9.6% | 5.3% | 3.8% | $14,686 |
| Lee County | 10 | 17.9% | 13.4% | 6.4% | 3.9% | 1.5% | 2.3% | $8,351 |
| Houston County | 11 | 26.3% | 18.7% | 8.7% | 6.8% | 3.6% | 3.5% | $13,458 |
| Morgan County | 12 | 24.8% | 18.1% | 9.5% | 6.2% | 3.3% | 2.9% | $11,472 |
| Marshall County | 13 | 25.2% | 17.1% | 8.7% | 6.6% | 3.4% | 3.3% | $11,561 |
| Lauderdale County | 14 | 26.5% | 20.6% | 10.6% | 6.9% | 2.9% | 2.5% | $11,933 |
| Cullman County | 15 | 24% | 19.1% | 9% | 6.8% | 2.8% | 2.3% | $11,797 |
| Limestone County | 16 | 17.8% | 15.7% | 6.6% | 4.5% | 1.4% | 1.6% | $9,620 |
| Talladega County | 17 | 31.9% | 19.6% | 11.4% | 8.5% | 4.6% | 4.1% | $13,150 |
| St. Clair County | 18 | 23.1% | 17.9% | 8.7% | 6% | 3.1% | 2.4% | $11,095 |
| Elmore County | 19 | 23.4% | 16.6% | 8.4% | 5.8% | 2.2% | 2.4% | $11,461 |
| Walker County | 20 | 32% | 19.9% | 11.5% | 8.9% | 4.8% | 3.4% | $14,939 |
| DeKalb County | 21 | 30.1% | 17.8% | 10.2% | 7.5% | 4.7% | 4.2% | $12,186 |
| Russell County | 22 | 34.8% | 15.6% | 10.1% | 6.9% | 3.2% | 5.2% | $13,388 |
| Colbert County | 23 | 29.2% | 20.6% | 11.1% | 7.8% | 3.2% | 3% | $12,846 |
| Coffee County | 24 | 25.2% | 17.2% | 7.6% | 5.3% | 3% | 2.7% | $12,806 |
| Jackson County | 25 | 29.7% | 21.1% | 11.5% | 8.5% | 3.4% | 3.2% | $12,862 |
| Dale County | 26 | 30.2% | 18.2% | 9.3% | 6.8% | 4% | 4.1% | $13,262 |
| Autauga County | 27 | 22.1% | 16.3% | 7.6% | 4.9% | 2.5% | 2.6% | $10,892 |
| Blount County | 28 | 24.3% | 19% | 9.7% | 6.1% | 3% | 2.7% | $10,628 |
| Dallas County | 29 | 40.7% | 20.5% | 11.1% | 9.9% | 7.4% | 8.1% | $17,007 |
| Tallapoosa County | 30 | 30% | 23.6% | 11.4% | 7.6% | 3.9% | 3.5% | $14,615 |
| Chilton County | 31 | 28.3% | 17.3% | 9.8% | 7.7% | 3.8% | 3.7% | $11,939 |
| Covington County | 32 | 34.8% | 22.3% | 11.8% | 9.7% | 4.9% | 4.1% | $14,471 |
| Escambia County | 33 | 33.7% | 18.8% | 11.8% | 9.2% | 4.2% | 4.9% | $13,084 |
| Chambers County | 34 | 35.4% | 20.6% | 12.8% | 9.1% | 4.7% | 5% | $13,769 |
| Lawrence County | 35 | 30.8% | 19% | 11.6% | 9.2% | 3.5% | 3.7% | $12,792 |
| Pike County | 36 | 26.3% | 15.7% | 7.7% | 6% | 3.8% | 3.9% | $12,283 |
| Franklin County | 37 | 28.2% | 17.4% | 9.4% | 7.7% | 4.4% | 3.8% | $11,853 |
| Geneva County | 38 | 33.7% | 21% | 11.2% | 8.7% | 4.7% | 4.2% | $13,910 |
| Cherokee County | 39 | 31.9% | 24.6% | 12.8% | 8.7% | 3.9% | 3.1% | $14,328 |
| Barbour County | 40 | 36.1% | 20.3% | 11.8% | 9.7% | 5.7% | 5.4% | $14,648 |
| Clarke County | 41 | 34.4% | 20.7% | 12.2% | 9.1% | 4.6% | 5% | $15,554 |
| Marion County | 42 | 28.2% | 21.4% | 10.7% | 6.4% | 4% | 3.9% | $11,935 |
| Winston County | 43 | 31.5% | 22% | 11% | 9.6% | 4.2% | 3.5% | $13,797 |
| Randolph County | 44 | 33.7% | 21.3% | 11.8% | 8.9% | 4.2% | 4.6% | $14,338 |
| Marengo County | 45 | 34.2% | 20.6% | 11.5% | 8.7% | 5.6% | 5% | $15,981 |
| Monroe County | 46 | 36.5% | 21.7% | 12.8% | 9.6% | 5.3% | 4.8% | $15,019 |
| Butler County | 47 | 31.7% | 21.5% | 10.2% | 7.8% | 4.9% | 5.1% | $14,893 |
| Pickens County | 48 | 34.2% | 19.6% | 11.3% | 9.6% | 4.9% | 4.5% | $14,606 |
| Fayette County | 49 | 39.7% | 21.8% | 13.4% | 12.6% | 6% | 4.3% | $16,692 |
| Bibb County | 50 | 32.3% | 17.8% | 11.2% | 9.5% | 4.5% | 4% | $12,124 |
| Henry County | 51 | 28.2% | 23.9% | 10.3% | 8.2% | 3.4% | 2.9% | $14,682 |
| Macon County | 52 | 36% | 21.4% | 11.3% | 7.9% | 4.8% | 5.6% | $13,726 |
| Hale County | 53 | 37.5% | 20.4% | 11.4% | 10% | 6.1% | 5.9% | $16,189 |
| Washington County | 54 | 34% | 20.9% | 13.1% | 9.3% | 4.1% | 4.1% | $14,857 |
| Choctaw County | 55 | 35.4% | 24.2% | 12.9% | 10.2% | 4.3% | 4.4% | $16,436 |
| Lamar County | 56 | 37.3% | 22.4% | 13.4% | 9.9% | 5.8% | 4.3% | $14,604 |
| Crenshaw County | 57 | 30.7% | 19.9% | 10.4% | 7.6% | 4.7% | 4.3% | $14,683 |
| Conecuh County | 58 | 42% | 25% | 13.9% | 10.3% | 6.1% | 5.9% | $16,955 |
| Cleburne County | 59 | 27.2% | 19.6% | 10.1% | 7.2% | 3.8% | 3.5% | $12,036 |
| Wilcox County | 60 | 46% | 22.5% | 14.2% | 10.7% | 8.2% | 9.2% | $18,348 |
| Clay County | 61 | 32.4% | 21.3% | 11.8% | 8.9% | 4.5% | 3.6% | $12,907 |
| Sumter County | 62 | 38.7% | 19.9% | 11.7% | 9.1% | 5.6% | 6.7% | $14,896 |
| Lowndes County | 63 | 34.8% | 20.8% | 10.8% | 7.9% | 5.4% | 6.8% | $16,211 |
| Perry County | 64 | 47.6% | 21.9% | 12.8% | 10.4% | 10.2% | 9.9% | $18,237 |
| Coosa County | 65 | 35.7% | 25.8% | 12.7% | 11.2% | 3.1% | 4.3% | $14,125 |
| Greene County | 66 | 44.8% | 25.5% | 13.8% | 11.2% | 7.1% | 8.3% | $17,080 |
| Bullock County | 67 | 37.6% | 18.5% | 10.6% | 7.5% | 7.4% | 7.9% | $11,806 |
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